The etymology of alternative names historicises the scourge and its effects on people who would only learn years later that invisible viruses caused influenza. This pandemic was known by many different names-some old, some new-depending on place, time, and context. 9.1.1 Influenza pandemic among Canadian soldiersįront page of El Sol ( Madrid), : "The three-day fever.The 1977 Russian flu was also caused by H1N1 virus. The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu pandemics caused by H1N1 influenza A virus the most recent one was the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Malnourishment, overcrowded medical camps and hospitals, and poor hygiene, exacerbated by the war, promoted bacterial superinfection, killing most of the victims after a typically prolonged death bed. The virus was particularly deadly because it triggered a cytokine storm, ravaging the stronger immune system of young adults, although the viral infection was apparently no more aggressive than previous influenza strains. Scientists offer several explanations for the high mortality, including a six-year climate anomaly affecting migration of disease vectors with increased likelihood of spread through bodies of water. Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the young and old, with a higher survival rate in-between, but this pandemic had unusually high mortality for young adults. Limited historical epidemiological data make the pandemic's geographic origin indeterminate, with competing hypotheses on the initial spread. The pandemic broke out near the end of World War I, when wartime censors suppressed bad news in the belligerent countries to maintain morale, but newspapers freely reported the outbreak in neutral Spain, creating a false impression of Spain as the epicenter and leading to the "Spanish flu" misnomer. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it the second deadliest pandemic in human history after the Black Death bubonic plague of 1346–1353. Two years later, nearly a third of the global population, or an estimated 500 million people, had been infected in four successive waves. The earliest documented case was March 1918 in Kansas, United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. ![]() The 1918 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. For the safety of staff and other program participants, please stay home if you feel sick, are experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, have a confirmed case of COVID-19, are awaiting COVID-19 test results, or have recently been exposed to someone with COVID-19.Public health recommendations from the 1918 Illustrated Current News, New Haven, CT NOTE: Charlotte Mecklenburg Library is committed to public safety and continues to intentionally and deliberately expand in-person services that align with the COVID-19 safety guidelines set by Mecklenburg County, the Mecklenburg Board of County Commissioners (BOCC), the state of North Carolina and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Want to be notified about future events? Subscribe to our newsletter here. Looking for the book? Check out our monthly selections here and place a hold: Join us on the 4th Tuesday of each month at 10am and 1:30pm for the Daylily book club! In July we will be discussing Where the Crawdads Sing by Delia Owens. Indoor programs will be operating at a reduced attendance capacity and will include social distancing based on the library space. Face coverings are strongly encouraged for both participants and staff. This program will take place indoors at the Cornelius Branch library.
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